Ingxenye eyinhloko yedayimane yikhabhoni, okuyiminerali eyakhiwe izakhi ze-carbon.Kuyi-allotrope ye-graphite enefomula yamakhemikhali engu-C, okubuye kube umzimba wokuqala wamadayimane avamile.Idayimane liyinto enzima kunazo zonke eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emvelweni.Idayimane linemibala eyahlukene, kusukela kokungenambala kuya kokumnyama.Zingaba obala, translucent noma opaque.Amadayimane amaningi ngokuvamile anombala ophuzi, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukungcola okuqukethwe amadayimane.Inkomba ye-refractive yedayimane iphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokusabalalisa nakho kunamandla kakhulu, yingakho idayimane libonisa ukukhanya okumibalabala.Idayimane izokhipha i-fluorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-X-ray.
Amadayimane angamatshe awo omdabu, kanti amadayimane kwezinye izindawo athuthwa imifula nezinguzunga zeqhwa.Idayimane ngokuvamile liyimbudumbudu.Uma idayimane lishisiswe libe ngu-1000°C, lizophenduka kancane libe igraphite.Ngo-1977, isakhamuzi sase-Changlin, elokishini laseSushan, eSifundazweni saseLinshu, eSifundazweni saseShandong, sathola idayimane elikhulu kunawo wonke e-China emhlabathini.Amadayimane ezimboni ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye namadayimane e-gem-grade akhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika, womabili adlula amakharati ayi-3,100 (ikharati eli-1 = 200 mg).Amadayimane e-gem-grade angama-10 × 6.5 × 5 cm ngobukhulu futhi abizwa ngokuthi "Cullinan".Ngawo-1950, i-United States yasebenzisa i-graphite njengento eluhlaza ukuze yenze ngempumelelo amadayimane okwenziwa ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela.Manje amadayimane okwenziwa asesetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Ifomula yamakhemikhali yedayimane ithi c.uhlobo lwekristalu lwedayimane ikakhulukazi i-octahedron, i-rhombic dodecahedron, i-tetrahedron kanye nokuhlangana kwayo.Uma kungekho ukungcola, ayinambala futhi isobala.Lapho isabela nge-oxygen, izophinde ikhiqize i-carbon dioxide, eyingxenye ye-carbon elemental efanayo ne-graphite.I-engeli yebhondi yekristalu yedayimane ingu-109 ° 28 ', enezinto ezibonakalayo ezinhle kakhulu ezifana ne-superhard, ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukuzwela okushisayo, ukuguquguquka kwe-thermal, i-semiconductor kanye nokudluliswa okukude.Yaziwa ngokuthi “inkosi yokuqina” kanye nenkosi yamatshe ayigugu.I-engeli yekristalu yedayimane ingu-54 degrees 44 imizuzu nemizuzwana eyi-8.Ngokwesiko, abantu bavame ukubiza idayimane elicutshunguliwe kanye nedayimane elingacutshunguliwe.E-China, igama ledayimane laqala ukutholakala emibhalweni yamaBuddha.Idayimane liyinto enzima kakhulu emvelweni.Umbala ongcono kakhulu awunambala, kodwa kukhona nemibala ekhethekile, njenge-blue, purple, golden yellow, njll. Lawa madayimane anemibala ayivelakancane futhi ayigugu kumadayimane.I-India iyizwe elidume kakhulu elikhiqiza idayimane emlandweni.Manje amadayimane amaningi adumile emhlabeni, njengokuthi "intaba yokukhanya", "Regent" ne "Orlov", avela eNdiya.Ukukhiqizwa kwedayimane kuyivelakancane kakhulu.Ngokuvamile, idayimane eliqediwe liyingxenye yesigidigidi somthamo wezimayini, ngakho intengo ibiza kakhulu.Ngemva kokusikwa, amadayimane avamise ukuba yindilinga, angunxande, ayizikwele, amise okweqanda, amise okwenhliziyo, amise okwepheya, acijile umnqumo, njll. Idayimane elisinda kunawo wonke emhlabeni yi-“curinan” elakhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika ngo-1905. Inesisindo esingu-3106.3 carats futhi senziwe yaba kugaywe kube amadayimane amancane angu-9.Omunye wabo, u-curinan 1, owaziwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi yase-Afrika", usahamba phambili emhlabeni.
Amadayimane anezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa.Ngokusetshenziswa kwawo, amadayimane angahlukaniswa cishe abe izigaba ezimbili: amadayimane ebanga eliyigugu (okuhlobisa) kanye namadayimane asezingeni lezimboni.
Amadayimane e-Gem grade asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ubucwebe obufana namasongo edayimane, imigexo, amacici, ama-corsages, nezinto ezikhethekile ezifana nemiqhele nezinduku zobukhosi, kanye nokuqoqwa kwamatshe amatshe.Ngokwezibalo, ukuthengiselana kwedayimane kubiza cishe u-80% wesamba sohwebo sonyaka sobucwebe emhlabeni.
Amadayimane ezinga lezimboni aya ngokuya esetshenziswa kabanzi, anobulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, futhi angasetshenziswa kabanzi ekusikeni, ekugayeni, nasekubholeni;Impushana yedayimane isetshenziswa njengento eqhumayo yezinga eliphezulu.
Ngokwesibonelo:
1. Khiqiza amathuluzi abrasive we-resin bond nomaamathuluzi okugaya, njll.
2. UkukhiqizaMetal Diamond Ukugaya Amathuluzi, amathuluzi e-ceramic bond abrasive noma amathuluzi okugaya, njll.
3. Ukukhiqiza izingcezu ezijwayelekile zokumba i-stratum geological, i-semiconductor kanye nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi zokusika amathuluzi okucubungula, njll.
4. Ukukhiqiza ama-hard-stratum geological drill bits, amathuluzi okulungisa kanye namathuluzi okucutshungulwa okuqinile okungewona ezensimbi, aqinile, njll.
5. Amaphedi wokupholisha we-resin diamond, amathuluzi e-ceramic bond abrasive noma ukugaya, njll.
6. Amathuluzi e-Metal bond abrasive kanye nemikhiqizo ye-electroplated.Amathuluzi okugaya noma ukugaya, njll.
7. Amathuluzi okusaha, ukubhola nokulungisa, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezempi kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhala.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni zesimanje, ukusetshenziswa kwedayimane kuzokhula futhi kube banzi, futhi inani lizoba ngaphezulu kakhulu.Imithombo yedayimane yemvelo iyindlala kakhulu.Ukuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi lwedayimane lokwenziwa kuzoba umgomo wawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni.eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2022